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| jennifer hendrich cayton |
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| design | architecture | sustainability |
| Spa Traditions in the Black Sea Region | Greeks to Ottoman Empire 3rd Century BC- 1556 |
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| Bathing complex scalar comparisions. (Left to Righ: Damascus, Antioch, Cemberlitas, Haseki Hurrem, Meram, Cagaloglu) |
| Diagram showing Black Sea currents patterns |
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| Damascus | Syria 3rd Century B.C. First Roman Baths in the Black Sea region |
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| Antioch | Turkey 2nd Century B.C. Largest Roman Baths in Turkey, bathing complex contained ten known baths commissioned by King Antiochos. |
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| Cemberlitas | Istanbul, Turkey 322-327 Plaza, Revised in 1584 This plan is typical of many turkish baths, symmetrical and bathing chambers for both men and women. The heated, marble massage slab is located beneath the dome. Visit the the bath's official website to learn more |
| Haseki Hurrem | Istanbul, Turkey 14th Century Bathing provided women a social gathering place outside the home. There women could gather, often taking an entire day to enjoy the ritual. |
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| Meram, Konya Orhan Bey, Bursa Cagaloglu, Istanbul Seljuk and Ottoman Empire Baths Plans of Ottoman Baths |
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| Marble Massage Slab The massage room can reach temperatures of 140 degrees Fahrenheit. The massage attendant massages the joints while the body sweats opening the pores encouraginng relaxation. The massages lasts 30-60 minutes. |
| The Greeks and Romans brought bathing traditions to Turkey and the Black Sea region. Each region along the seacoast developed a unique relationship with the water and interpretation of the bathing techniques. The Turkish bath, or hamam, modified the Roman bath preserving only the the hypocaust heating system and large bathing chambers. Turkish baths were centered on meditation and purification as opposed to the recreational activities of Roman baths. Separate bathing and massage chambers were used for each sex. If the facility was not large enough for double chambers, different times for each sex were scheduled daily. The water used in each treatment was exclusive to the patron, stagnant and reused water was considered unclean. The bathing process begins in the changing rooms were the unclothed body is first cleaned by pouring water over the skin. Then the person moves to the massage room. There a massage attendant massages the body and joints, the ambient temperature of the room can reach 140 degrees Farenheit. The heat and steam is meant to open the skin pores, exfoliate the skin surface, and relax the participant. After the massage, the participant relaxes in a cool pool of water, awaking the body and senses. |
| Bibliography King, Charles. The Black Sea: A History. Oxford University Press: New York, 2004. Kondoleon, Christine. Antioch: The Lost Ancient City. Princeton University Press and Worcester Art Museum: Princeton, NJ, 2000. 147-155. Scarce, Jennifer. Domestic Culture in the Middle East: An exploration of the household interior. National Museums of Scotland: Great Britain, 1996. 93-110. The Medical History of Waters and Spas. ed. Porter, Roy. Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine: London, 1990. Water, Leisure and Culture. ed. Anderson, Susan and Bruce Tabb. Berg: New York, 2002. 165-181. Unsal, Behcet. Turkish Islamic Architecture.: in Seljuk and Ottoman Times 1071-1923. St. Martin's Press: New York, 1973. 65-75. |
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